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SS-31 (Elamipretide): The Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Peptide

How a synthetic tetrapeptide binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane โ€” and what Phase II human trials in heart failure and Barth syndrome actually show.

SS-31elamipretideBendaviamitochondrial peptidecardiolipininner mitochondrial membraneheart failureHFpEFBarth syndromelongevitymitochondrial agingMOTS-cATPelectron transport chain
WellSourced Editorial ยทApril 15, 2026 ยท18 min read
SS-31 (Elamipretide): The Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Peptide

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a precision mitochondrial peptide that targets cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane โ€” the only compound known to reach and stabilize this specific architecture at therapeutic concentrations. Phase II human trials in heart failure (HFpEF) and Barth syndrome have earned FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation and Fast Track Designation.

Read the full research deep dive: /articles/ss-31-elamipretide

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